republic day

The year of 1950 was the time when Indian Republic came into existence. It was on 26th of January, 1950, when the Republic of India gained an official identity. However, the process of forming a Republican nation had been started much before the year of 1950.

Republic Day marks the adoption of India's republican

Definition of Republic

Connoting the basic right of the citizens of the country to vote and elect their representatives, the term Republic has a huge significance in context of India. With a parliament and well-scripted Constitution, the Republic of India had 565 Princely states in 1947. However, all these states had been unified afterwards to be included under the Indian Republic.

Territory of Indian Republic

The territory of India covers 3,287,590 sq km of total area. The coastline of the nation is 7516.5km long while the frontier of the land area is 15,200km long. The positional coordinates of India stretches to 2933 km on the east-west direction. Whereas, the north-south direction of the country is of 3214 km. Situated between the eastern longitude of 68°7' and 97°25', India is placed between 8°4' and 37°6' northern latitude.

Constituent Assembly of Indian Republic

The Constituent Assembly of India initiated the process of forming a full-fledged constitution for the country from 1946. The nation gained freedom on 15th August, 1947. It was on 26th November, 1949 that the Indian Constituent Assembly formed the Constitution of India with 8 schedules and 395 Articles.

States and Territories of Republic of India

The present infrastructure of the Republic of India constitutes 28 states and 7 Union Territories. The states of the country are Arunachal Pradesh, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Tripura, Assam, Sikkim, West Bengal, Orissa, Bihar, Uttarakhand, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, Jammu and Kashmir, Uttar Pradesh, Himachal Pradesh, Punjab, Haryana, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, Maharashtra, Gujarat, Goa, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu and Kerala. The 7 Union Territories of India are National Capital Territory of Delhi, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Lakshadweep, Chandigarh, Dadra and Nagar Haveli, Daman and Diu and Puducherry.

Detailed information on the states of Indian Republic and the year, and when they were formed, are given below:

• Bihar is the third most populated state of India. This state was established as a province along with Orissa in 1912 and afterwards became an individual administrative unit controlled by the British Empire.
• Andhra Pradesh, formed in the year of 1953 is the fourth largest state of the country. It is also the fifth most populated Indian state.
• Chhattisgarh, a state in the central India, was created as a separate state in 2000.
• Gujarat, the seventh largest state of India, was established as a state in the year of 1960.
• Assam with a total of 23 districts has been an Indian state since 1947, the year of independence.
• Goa is the smallest state of the country with an area of only 3,702 square kilometer. This state was formed as a state in 1987.
• Arunachal Pradesh came into being on 20th February, 1987
• Mizoram was formed in 1987 in the form of a state. Before that, it was an union territory since 1972.
• Haryana was created in the year of 1966 as a result of the Punjab Reorganisation Act of 1966, when it was separated from Punjab.
• Manipur gained statehood in the year 1972
• West Bengal is the fourth most populated Indian state with the highest population density, which emerged as a separate state after India got independence in 1947
• Punjab was established just after India became an independent nation in 1947
• Kerala came into existence as state in 1956 following the States Reorganisation Act, 1956.
• Meghalaya was created with the Garo Hills and the United Khasi and Jaintia Hills, two districts of Assam. After gaining the semi-autonomous status in 1970, Meghalaya was given the status of an Indian state in the year 1972.
• An independent Tripuri Kingdom, Tripura was merged with the independent India in 1949 following the Tripura Merge Agreement. Tripura was given the status of an Indian state in 1972.
• Orissa was declared as a separate province in 1936 and in 1949 all the princely states surrounding Orissa were included in the state.
• Uttarakhand emerged as a state in the year of 2000, when it was separated from Uttar Pradesh.
• Karnataka was declared as a state in 1973. The state, initially known as the State of Mysore, was created after the States Reorganisation Act was passed in 1956.
• Sikkim, the second smallest state with the area of 7,096 square kilometer, was formed in the year 1975.
• Jammu and Kashmir was formed through the Treaty of Amritsar in the year 1847. It has been given status of a state of India in 1947 following the independence of the country.
• Uttar Pradesh, the fifth largest Indian state with the area of 238,566 square kilometer, was created in 2000 after Uttarakhand was separated from the state.
• Rajasthan, the largest Indian state with an area of 342,236 square kilometer, was declared a state in the year 1949.
• Tamil Nadu comprising a total of 30 districts was a part of the Madras state formed in 1947. However, in 1968, the Madras State was renamed as Tamil Nadu.
• Maharashtra, the second most populated state of the country was formed in the year 1960. The state was made from the Bombay Presidency and Central Provinces.
• Nagaland, initially a part of the Assam Province, was made a Union territory in 1957. The region was announced as a state in 1963 following the Naga People's Convention.
• Madhya Pradesh was created in 1950 and given the status of an Indian state in 1956. Madhya Pradesh along with Chhattisgarh was the largest Indian state till 2000, when Chhattisgarh was separated from the state following the Madhya Pradesh Reorganisation Act.
• Jharkhand, the 28th state of India was created in the year of 2000, when the Bihar Reorganisation Bill was passed.
• Himachal Pradesh was declared as a Union territory in 1956. After the State of Himachal Pradesh Act was passed in 1970, it was established as the eighteenth Indian state in 1971.

The 7 Union Territories of Indian Republic include:

• Delhi, which constitutes 9 districts, was declared as a Union territory in 1958.
• Puducherry including 4 districts was made a Union territory in 1963.
• Dadra and Nagar Haveli, which comprises only one district was given the status of an Indian Union territory in 1961.
• Andaman & Nicobar, which is divided into 2 districts, became an Indian Union territory in 1950.
• Lakshadweep which acquired its present name in 1973 and formed as an Union Territory in 1956
• Chandigarh which achieved the status of a Union Territory after 1947
• Daman & Diuwere which was declared as Union Territory in 1987

The date of January 26 was chosen as the Republic Day since on this very date the Indian National Congress unanimously voted to do away with the Dominion Status of the nation.

rajini baba

Name	Shivaji Gaekwad
Screen Name	Rajnikanth
Nick Names	Superstar
Profession	Actor
Date of Birth	12 Dec 1950
Mother Tongue	Marathi
Birth Place	Bangalore
Height	5 feet 9 inches
Education	* Early education in Acharya Patasala and later in  Raamakrishna Mission, Bangalore(PUC discontinued) * Studied in the Film Institute
Family	Father:Ramoji Rao Mother:Rambhai Sister: Shrimathi Aswathamma Brothers:Sathya Narayana Rao & Nageshwara Rao Wife:Latha Daughters:Aishwarya & Sowandarya Son-in-law:Dhanush Grandson: Yatra
Marriage date	26.02.1981
Earlier worked as	Carpenter, Bus Conductor
Guru	K.Balachander
Spiritual Guru	Satchithananda Swamiji
Debut	Tamil:Aboorva Ragangal Hindi:Andhaa Kanoon Telugu:Anthuleni Katah English: Blood stone Kannada:Katha Sangama Malayalam: Alavudheenum Arputha Vilakkum Bengali: BhagyaDevta
Career Firsts	Hero: Bhairavi Dual role: Billa Triple role:Moondru Mugam Positive role: Kavikuyil Singing: Adikuthu Kuliru (Mannan) Story and Screenplay: Valli Movie dubbed and released in Japan: Muthu
Ardent Devotee of	Shri Raghavendra
Director K.Balachander	* When he was studying in SIFCC institute of film acting, he met Mr.K.Balachander. * Gave him his screen name 'Rajnikanth' * Gave him his first role in films. * Was the only person to encourage him to act in films and gave him good advices. * In the beginning of his career he used to get nightmares of the film he is acting and also Mr.Balachander will be there screaming at him to act properly. * K.Balachander's 'Kavithalaya' started their productions with the film 'Netri kan'
Director S.P.Muthuraman	Directed 25 of his films. Most of them were turning points in his career.
His favourite film of his films	'Mullum Malluram'
Wish list	When he was working as a conductor he wished for Vespa scooter, a single-room apartment, and all the cigarettes money can buy.
Politics	Played a major part in putting together an alliance between the DMK and TMC which won the 1996 Tamil nadu elections.
Admires	Lee Kwan Yew(Former Singapore prime minister)
Dwaraka	The name of his private quarters in his home
Art Films	Does not like to do art films. Feels that the people involved in films should earn money and make people happy.
Health	Yoga and Meditation
Pets	loves dogs
Mannerisms	Swift movements, rapid-fire dialogue delivery
Books	* Autobiography of a Yogi * Gita as it was * Living with the Himalayan Masters' Swami Rama *  Books written by Shri Ramana Maharishi
Favourite	Colour: Black City: Chennai Place: Himalayas Food: Non-Vegetarian items Dress: White Khurtha
Cherishes	Appreciation Letter from K.Balachander for the film "Mullum Malarum"
Owns	Raghavendra Kalyana Mandapam
Past time	Likes to spend time alone
Rajini 25	Latha Rajnikanth arranged a mega-show to celebrate 25 years of Rajni in tamil cinema
About him	"I saw a fire in his eyes and an enthusiasm coupled with an urge to prove himself. I immediately realized that he was not just one more run-of-the-mill aspirant" - K.Balachander
Awards	* 2000 Padma Bhushan award from the Govt of India. * Tamil Nadu Govt awards  1999 - Best Actor(Padayappa)  1989 - MGR award  1984- Kalaimamani award  1982- Best Actor (Moondru Mugam)  1978 - Best Actor(mullum Malarum) * Filmfare Awards  1984 - Best Actor(Nallavanuku Nallavan) * Cinema Express Awards  1995- Best Actor(Muthu)  1993 - Best Story writer (Valli)  1992 -  Best Actor( Annamalai)  1991 -  Best Actor(Thalapathy)  1988 - Best Achiever Award(Blood Stone)  1985 - Best Actor(Sri Raagavendirar)  1984 - Best Actor(Nallavanauku Nallavan) * 1995 Best Actor  Screen Awards(Peaddarayadu)
Facts	* Had a very troubled childhood. Lost his mother when he was only 5 years old. * His father was a police constable. * His ancestors were believed to be from a village called Nachiar Kuppam in Dharmapuri Dist. of Tamilnadu. * Got his diploma in acting from Dr.P.N.Reddy. * Was discouraged a lot by his fellow film institute students. * In the beginning he did not know to speak Tamil well. * His film 'Muthu' was dubbed as 'Dancing Maharaja' in Japan and it ran for 23 weeks in Tokyo. Film 'Yejaman' was dubbed as 'Dancing Maharaja II'' * Has acted in two malayalam films and one Bengali film. * Likes to drive on his own. * Had acted in 12 of Amitabh's remade movies in Tamil * When he was working as a conductor his salary was around Rs.750 and one his friends named Raj Bhadhur gave him money to study in the film institute in Chennai. * Always prefers Big banners.
Address	18, Ragaveera avenue, Poes Garden, Chennai- 600086
Quote	Happiness begins when ambition ends.

RAJNIKANTH ENTRY TO THE FILM INDUSTRY:

Rajnikanth was born on December 12 1949 in Bangalore, Karnataka, India. He was the fourth child to his parents, Rambhai and Ramoji Rao.His original name was Sivaji Rao Gaekwad. He lost his mother at the age of five. He had his schooling at the Acharya Patasala in Bangalore and then at the Vivekananda Balak Sangh, a unit of the Ramakrishna Mission. His mother tongue is Marathi, though he has not done any films in it.Before starting his career in the film industry, he had to take up all sorts of odd jobs. He served as a bus conductor for Karnataka state transport corporation in Bangalore. It was during this time that he nurtured his acting interests by performing in various stage plays.




ACTING CAREER:

A friend helped him to join the Madras Film institute where Rajnikanth completed basic acting course in 1974 at the age of 25.He started his acting career in Kannada in the movie Kathaa Sangama, directed by Puttanna Kanagal, in 1976.In Tamil, he started with playing supporting roles, beginning as a cancer patient in Apoorva Raagangal (1975), directed by K. Balachander, who assigned him his stage name Rajnikanth. After several villainous roles, his first positive role was Bhuvana Oru Kelvikkuri (1979), in which Rajnikanth played a
failed lover in the first half and a do-gooder in the second.

The second phase of his life started with K Balaji’s Billa, a superhit disproving the canard spread by detractors that Rajnikant was “finished”. He was accepted as a full-fledged hero. Billa was followed by a row of hits like Pokkiri Raja, Thanikkattu Raja, Naan Mahaan Alla and the all-important Moondru Mugham, in which Rajni essayed a triple role. Even two decades after its release, the last continues to be a box-office draw and Rajni’s fans can never tire of the thalaivar’s verbal clash with villain Senthamarai. K Balachander’s first home production, Nettrikkam proved to be yet another milestone in Rajni’s career.As an actor, Rajnikant’s greatest asset, apart from his style is his sense of humour and comic timing. Like Amitabh Bachchan is popular for his drunken soliloquies, Rajnikant is famous for his comic encounters with snakes, repeated umpteen times.

In the early 80s, Rajnikant made a foray into Bollywood with Andhaa Kanoon, a superhit. But Rajnikant could not concentrate on Hindi films because he was already safely ensconced down South. He still made a few films in Hindi, to mention specially Chaalbaaz which had Sridevi in a dual role.After several films in the Eighties, he played a Hindu saint in his 100th movie, Sri Raghavendra. Many others followed, among them dramas, comedies and, at the end of the eighties, action-oriented family entertainers like Velaikkaran and Manidhan.Annamalai, which released in 1992, was the first Rajini film to gross almost Rs. 100 million at the box office.A new trend where his films’ collections exceed normal regional film expectations started off with Basha, followed by Annamalai, Arunachalam, Ejaman, Muthu and Padayappa. It’s now an accepted fact that only a Rajnikant film can break records set by his own films.Apart from Tamil, Rajnikanth has acted in over 160 movies, including Telugu, Kannada, Malayalam, Hindi and Bengali. He has also acted in a Hollywood movie Bloodstone in 1988.

Rajnikanth was awarded the Padma Bhushan award in the year 2000 and was rated as one of the most influential persons in South Asia by Asia week. Rajnikanth has won the Filmfare Best Actor Award, South on 2 occasions. He is the highest paid actor in India and the second
highest paid actor in Asia after Jackie Chan.

Unlike the eighties, several movies during his nineties were successful, like Muthu or Basha. At 53, his Baba released amid fanfare. Although the film grossed enough to cover its budget, it was viewed as a miserable showing and fell short of market expectations accumulating heavy losses for the distributors. Rajnikanth himself returned the losses back to the distributors who had immense faith in him. The whole affair cost him dear in terms of repute of making a comeback.

Chandramukhi, a remake of the Malayalam movie Manichitrathazhu. Chandramukhi was claimed as one of the most successful Tamil films ever as it ran in theatres for over 700 days since release and still running. His next film, Sivaji: The Boss, directed by S. Shankar will be released in 2007.

RAJNIKANTH FILMOGRAPHY:

DEBUT:

Tamil:Aboorva Ragangal
Hindi:Andhaa Kanoon
Telugu:Anthuleni Katah
English: Blood stone
Kannada:Katha Sangama
Malayalam: Alavudheenum Arputha Vilakkum
Bengali: BhagyaDevta

CAREER FIRSTS:

Hero: Bhairavi
Dual role: Billa
Triple role: Moondru Mugam
Positive role: Kavikuyil
Singing: Adikuthu Kuliru (Mannan)
Story and Screenplay: Valli
Movie dubbed and released in Japan: Muthu
First Film: Katha Sangama
50th Film: Tiger (Telugu)
100th Film: Shri Raghavendra
125th Film: Rajathi Raja
150th Film : Padyappa

AWARDS:

* 2000 Padma Bhushan award from the Govt of India-Tamil Nadu Govt awards
* 1999 - Best Actor(Padayappa)
* 1989 - MGR award
* 1984- Kalaimamani award
* 1982- Best Actor (Moondru Mugam)
* 1978 - Best Actor(mullum Malarum)-Filmfare Awards
* 1984 - Best Actor(Nallavanuku Nallavan)-Cinema Express Awards
* 1995- Best Actor(Muthu)
* 1993 - Best Story writer (Valli)
* 1992 - Best Actor( Annamalai)
* 1991 - Best Actor(Thalapathy)
* 1988 - Best Achiever Award(Blood Stone)
* 1985 - Best Actor(Sri Raagavendirar)
* 1984 - Best Actor(Nallavanauku Nallavan)
* 1995 Best Actor Screen Awards(Peaddarayadu)

AS AN ACTOR:

* Sivaji (2007) .... Shivaji
* Chandramukhi (2005) (as Super Star Rajinikanth) .... Dr.Saravanan/Vettaiyan Raja
* Baba (2002) (as Super Star Rajnikanth) .... Baba
* Bulandi (2000) (as Superstar Rajnikant) .... Ghajraj Thakur
* Padaiyappa (1999) .... Padaiyappa
* Krantikari (1997) (as Rajnikant)
* Arunachalam (1997) .... Arunachalam
* Aatank Hi Aatank (1995) .... Munna
* Badsha (1995) .... Badsha/Manickam
* Muthu (1995) .... Muthu
* Peda Rayudu (1995) .... Murdered Village Chief
* Zameen (1995) (as Rajnikant)
* Veera (1994) .... Muthuveerappan "Veera"
* Ejamaan (1993) .... Vanavarayan
* Insaniyat Ke Devta (1993) .... Anwar
* Uzhaippaali (1993)
* Valli (1993)
* Tyagi (1992) .... Shankar G. 'Dadhu' Dayal
* Mannan (1992) .... Krishna
* Annamalai (1992) .... Annamalai
* Pandian (1992) .... Pandiyan
* Thalapathi (1991) .... Surya
* Nattukku Oru Nallavan (1991)
* Khoon Ka Karz (1991) .... Kishan/Assistant Commissioner Yamdoot
* Farishtay (1991) .... Inspector Arjun Singh Tange
* Hum (1991) (as Rajnikant) .... Kumar
* Dharma Dorai (1991)
* Phool Bane Angaarey (1991) (as Rajnikant) .... Inspector Ranjeet Singh
* Shanti Kranti (1991)
* Adisaya Piravi (1990)
* ChaalBaaz (1989) (as Rajinikant) .... Jaggu
* Bhrashtachar (1989) .... Abdul Sattar
* Gair Kaanooni (1989) (as Rajani Kant) .... Azam Khan
* Kodiparakkudu (1989) .... Erode Shivagiri/Dada
* Mappilai (1989)
* Raajadhi Raaja (1989)
* Raja Chinna Roja (1989)
* Siva (1989)
* Bloodstone (1988) (as Rajni Kanth) .... Shyam Sabu
* Tamacha (1988) (as Rajanikant) .... Vikram Pratap Singh 'Vicky'
* Dharmathin Thalaivan (1988)
* Guru Sisyan (1988)
* Uttar Dakshin (1987)
* Daku Hasina (1987) .... Mangal Singh
* Velaikkaaran (1987)
* Asli Naqli (1986) (as Rajnikant) .... Birju Ustad
* Bhagwan Dada (1986) .... Bhagwaan Dada
* Dosti Dushmani (1986)
* Maaveran (1986)
* Mr. Bharath (1986/I)
* Naan Adimai Illai (1986)
* Geraftaar (1985) (as Rajanikanth) .... Inspector Hussein (Guest Appearance)
* Wafadaar (1985) (as Rajani Kant) .... Ranga
* Bewafai (1985) .... Ranvir
* Mahaguru (1985) .... Vijay (Maha Guru)
* Aaj Ka Dada (1985)
* Ek Saudagar (1985) .... Kishore
* Naan Sigappu Manithan (1985)
* Padikkathavan (1985)
* Sree Raaghavendar (1985) .... Venkatanathan
* Unn Kannil Neer Vazhindal (1985)
* John Jani Janardhan (1984) .... Janardhan Gupta
* Gangvaa (1984)
* Insaaf Kaun Karega (1984) (as Rajnikant) .... Police Inspector Vikram Singh
* Meri Adalat (1984) (as Rajnikant)
* Aakhri Sangram (1984) .... Bholu Pandit
* Anbulla Rajanikant (1984)
* Bhooka Sher (1984)
* Kai Kodukkam Kai (1984) .... Kaalimuthu
* Naan Mahaan Alla (1984)
* Nallavanukku Nallavan (1984)
* Thambikku Entha Ooru (1984)
* Zulm Ki Zanjeer (1984)
* Jeet Hamaari (1983) (as Rajinikanth) .... Raju
* Adutha Varisu (1983)
* Andhaa Kanoon (1983) .... Vijay Kumar Singh
* Moondru Mugham (1983) .... Alex Pandiyan
* Paayum Puli (1983) (as Rajinikant)
* Sivappu Sooriyan (1983)
* Thanga Magan (1983)
* Agni Sakshi (1982)
* Engeyo Ketta Kural (1982)
* Pokkiri Raja (1982)
* Pudhu Kavithai (1982)
* Ranga (1982)
* Thanikatu Raja (1982)
* Thee (1981)
* Black Cobra (1981)
* Garjanai (1981)
* Kazhagu (1981)
* Netri Kann (1981)
* Ranuva Veeran (1981)
* Thillu Mullu (1981) .... Chandran/Indiran
* Kaali (1980) .... Kaali
* Anbukku Naan Adimai (1980)
* Billa (1980) .... Billa
* Ellaam Un Kairaasi (1980)
* Johnny/Jani (1980)
* Murattu Kaalai (1980) .... Kaaliyan
* Naan Potta Savaal (1980)
* Ram Robert Rahim (1980) .... Ram
* Aarilirindhu Aruvathu Varai (1979)
* Alavuddinum Athbutha Vilakkum (1979) .... Kamruddin
* Annai Oru Aalayam (1979)
* Dharma Yuddham (1979)
* Johnny (1979)
* Kuppathu Raja (1979)
* Naan Vaazha Vaippen (1979) .... Michael
* Ninaithale Inikkum (1979)
* Thai Illamal Naan Illai (1979)
* Shankar Saleem Simon (1978)
* Aval Appadithaan (1978) .... Advertising Boss
* Bhairavi (1978)
* Ilamai Oonjal Aadukirathu (1978) .... Murli
* Mullum Malarum (1978) .... Kali
* Priya (1978)
* Thappitha Thala (1978)
* Aadu Puli Atham (1977)
* Avargal (1977) .... Ramnath
* Bhuvana Oru Kelvikkuri (1977)
* Chilakamma Cheppindi (1977) .... Kasi
* Gayatri (1977)
* Pathinaru Vayathinile (1977) .... Parattayan
* Anthuleni Katha (1976) .... Murthy
* Moondru Mudichu (1976)
* Apoorva Raagangal (1975)
* Katha Sangama (1975)

AS A WRITER:

1. Baba (2002) (screenplay) (story)

AS PRODUCER:

1. Baba (2002) (producer)

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